pioon laser

Introduction -An impacted tooth simply means that it is “stuck” and cannot erupt into function. The most commonly impacted or un-erupted tooth is the  permanent maxillary  canine. Primarily the impaction is due to arch length deficiency. Since the canine is usually the last tooth to erupt anterior to the first molar in the maxillary arch, shortage of space may result in ectopic eruption or impaction of this tooth. There has been numerous hypotheses developed regarding the etiology of canine impaction, the issue remains controversial. Impacted canine can cause complications without such as internal or external resorption, loss in arch length, infection associated with partial eruption, and resorption of the roots of lateral incisors.   Treatment modality-  Various treatment modalities have been proposed to avoid the complications associated with impacted canines such as use of scalpel, caustic agents, electrocautery and diode laser. However,  Diode laser the...

Introduction-  The outcome of root canal treatment is based on efficient disinfection of the root canal system and prevention of reinfection. Pulpectomy is defined as a root canal procedure for pulp tissue that is irreversibly infected or necrotic due to caries or trauma in primary teeth. The root canals are debrided and shaped with hand or rotary files. However the instrumentation and irrigation with an inert solution alone cannot adequately reduce the microbial population in a root canal system, disinfection with irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite and/or chlorhexidine is an important step in assuring optimal bacterial decontamination of the canals. But these have disadvantages for example as it is a potent tissue irritant, sodium hypochlorite must not be extruded beyond the apex. We can use LASER to disinfect the canals. Also in primary teeth due to complex pulpal anatomy and curved canals it is difficult to completely remove the pulp and hence the bacterial load. Current chem...

Introduction-  Maxillary incisors are aesthetically important, parents often notices it first and are troubled (1,2). The children are bullied or teased due to delayed eruption resulting in psychological complications. It is necessary to bring the unerupted incisor into its correct position with proper monitoring and timely surgical orthodontic intervention so as no prosthetic solution is required as nothing is better than tooth itself. LASER have its advantages over conventional scalpel for the surgical exposure of the unerupted incisors. Diagnosis of unerupted incisors- A) Clinical evaluation- 1) Firstly patient’s chronological age and dental age should be examined to determine if there is delayed eruption or not. 2) The amount of space available for the eruption of tooth, space loss, midline shift, position of the adjacent teeth, and contour of the bone should be examined 3) Palpation of the labial bulge on the mucosa if visible and if not visible then evaluation by radiograph 4...

Introduction-  A fibroma is a benign scar like reaction due to persistent long standing irritation in the mouth resulting in an increase in connective tissue at the site of repeated trauma. They are also known as traumatic fibromas, focal intra-oral fibrous hyperplasia, fibrous nodules, or oral polyps. Clinical Features-  Fibromas are often found on the interior of the cheek, lips, or lateral borders of the tongue and result from tissue being trapped between the maxillary and mandibular teeth when occluding. An oral fibroma presents as a firm smooth lump and is usually similar in color to the surrounding soft tissue, although it may be paler due to less vascularity and increased connective tissue within it. A fibroma also may present darker if trauma has led to bleeding inside of it and may have an ulcerated surface related to recent trauma. Fibromas have a dome-shaped geometry but may be pedunculated (polyp-like with a short stalk-like base). Treatment  Biopsy and  ...

Introduction-  The operculum is a soft tissue covering the crown of a partially erupted tooth. This area is difficult to access, and hence the normal oral hygiene methods remain ineffective, leading to inflammation of the soft tissue. This inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth is called pericoronitis. It is known to appear when the third molars start to erupt, and are most commonly seen with the partially erupted/impacted mandibular third molars. Pericoronitis is treated by extraction of the third molar or by performing operculectomy. Operculectomy is a procedure which is done by excising the excessive soft tissue covering the third molar. It is indicated when there is availability of space for eruption of third molar, presence and proper alignment of antagonist tooth and impacted third molar in the arch. Etiology-  The most common cause behind pericoronitis is the entrapment of plaque and food debris between crown of tooth and over...

Introduction-  An excessive display of gingiva resulting from a high lip line and abnormal gingival overgrowth often complicates treatment planning and can compromise the final esthetic result. Gingival morphology is being considered as an important factor in smile designing. One significant feature of  gingival morphology  is the gingival line, which is defined as the line joining the tangents of the gingival zeniths of the central incisor and canine. The gingival zenith is the most apical aspect of free gingival margin. With the current emphasis on cosmetic concerns and esthetics in dentistry, lasers are increasingly being used to accomplish esthetic treatment goals. Etiology-  It may be due to altered passive eruption of teeth, dentoalveolar extrusion, short or hyperactive lip muscles, short clinical crown, extensive subgingival caries, and subgingival tooth fractures at dentogingival junction. Treatment is performed to improve the dental esthetic by increasing th...

Introduction- Mucoceles are known as “mucus filled cavities” usually present in the oral cavity, lacrimal sac, and paranasal sinuses. Preoperative View (Courtesy – Dr. Sana Farista) Etiology - Mucus extravasation and mucus retention are the two most frequently occurring primary mechanical obstructive diseases of salivary glands. Formation of  mucus extravasation cyst  is mainly due to mechanical trauma causing rupture of ductal system of salivary gland and mucin spills into adjacent soft tissues. Mucus retention cyst is formed markedly by obstruction of salivary ductal walls causing dilatation of ducts without spillage of mucin. Treatment - Although mucoceles may occur literally anywhere in the oral cavity, the most common sites of occurrence are the lower lip. These lesions are soft, fluctuant and closer to the surface. They have a slightly bluish tinge as the mucin shine through. Mucoceles are benign lesions and do not necessarily warrant removal unless their size causes hin...